3,378 research outputs found
Severe health and social care issues among British migrants who retire to Spain
In recent years, there has been a growth in academic interest in international retirement migration in Europe, particularly north-south retirement migration to destinations like Spain. In this paper we focus on those members of the British community who have lived in Spain for a considerable time and for whom familial, social and institutional ties with Britain are weak or disrupted. Age Concern España was established by members of the British community to provide information and services on healthcare, benefits and local services in Spain. Four indicative case studies of those requesting assistance and classified as being of âserious needâ are presented. They illustrate the ways in which happy and fulfilling lives in Spain were abruptly changed as the personâs resources (bodily, economic, social and skills) for independent living diminished, and in which institutions and friendship networks played a key role in supporting life. The paper is the product of collaboration between researchers and practitioners in Spain and the UK, and brings together previous research with new qualitative case studies. Whilst policy-makers, practitioners and gerontologists have an increasing awareness of the needs of older migrants and the challenges they pose for public policy, particularly for health and social care systems in Spain, there have been little sustained analysis and cross-country debate
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Sensitivity of tropospheric ozone to chemical kinetic uncertainties in air masses influenced by anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions
We use a Lagrangian chemical transport model with a Monte-Carlo approach to determine impacts of kinetic rate uncertainties on simulated concentrations of ozone, NOy and OH in a high-altitude biomass burning plume and a low-level industrial pollution plume undergoing long-range transport. Uncertainties in kinetic rate constants yield 10 - 12 ppbv (5th to 95th percentile) uncertainty in the ozone concentration, dominated by reactions that cycle NO and NOâ, control NOâ conversion to NOy reservoir species, and key reactions contributing to Oâ loss (O(ÂčD)+HâO, HOâ+Oâ). Our results imply that better understanding of the PAN thermal decomposition constant is key to predicting large-scale Oâ production from fire emissions and uncertainty in the reaction of NO+Oâ at low temperatures is particularly important for both the anthropogenic and biomass burning plumes. The highlighted reactions serve as a useful template for targeting new laboratory experiments aimed at reducing uncertainties in our understanding of tropospheric Oâ photochemistry
Az ingĂĄzĂĄs tĂ©rbeli jellegzetessĂ©geinek vĂĄltozĂĄsa az Ăszak-DunĂĄntĂșlon, kĂŒlönös tekintettel GyĆr munkaĂŒgyi vonzĂĄskörzetĂ©re
A tanulmĂĄnyban megvizsgĂĄljuk a KSH ĂĄltal 2001-ben Ă©s 2011-ben elvĂ©gzett nĂ©pszĂĄmlĂĄlĂĄs ingĂĄzĂĄsra vonatkozĂł fĆbb adatainak Ă©s a kĂ©t felvĂ©tel összehasonlĂtĂĄsa sorĂĄn tapasztalt eltĂ©rĂ©sek terĂŒleti konzekvenciĂĄit. A vizsgĂĄlat cĂ©lja elsĆsorban az volt, hogy GyĆr körĂ© szervezĆdĆ ingĂĄzĂł, munkaĂŒgyi vonzĂĄsterek jellegzetessĂ©geit megismerjĂŒk. EzĂ©rt az orszĂĄgos szintƱ vizsgĂĄlatok mellett rĂ©szletesebben koncentrĂĄltunk az Ă©szak-DunĂĄntĂșlra, melynek központrendszerĂ©t tĂĄrtuk fel, s mĂ©g rĂ©szletesebben vizsgĂĄltuk ezen belĂŒl GyĆr, s a vĂĄroskörnyĂ©ki tĂ©r jellegzetessĂ©geit
Correlation of Fc Receptor Polymorphisms with Pneumococcal Antibodies in Vaccinated Kidney Transplant Recipients
Several polymorphisms within Fc receptors (FCR) have been described, some of which correlate with allograft function. In the current study, we determined three Fcγ receptor and five Fcα receptor dimorphisms in 47 kidney transplant recipients who had been vaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniae. We analyzed if FCR genotypes correlated with pneumococcal antibodies and their serotype-specific opsonophagocytic function, tested prior to and at months 1 and 12 post-vaccination. In parallel, we assessed antibodies against HLA and MICA and determined kidney function. We observed that IgG2 antibodies against pneumococci at months 1 and 12 after vaccination and IgA antibodies at month 1 differed significantly between the carriers of the three genotypes of FCGR3A rs396991 (V158F, p = 0.02; 0.04 and 0.009, respectively). Moreover, the genotype of FCGR3A correlated with serotype-specific opsonophagocytic function, reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05) at month 1 for 9/13 serotypes and at month 12 for 6/13 serotypes. Heterozygotes for FCGR3A had the lowest antibody response after pneumococcal vaccination. On the contrary, heterozygotes tended to have more antibodies against HLA class I and impaired kidney function. Taken together, our current data indicate that heterozygosity for FCGR3A may be unfavorable in kidney transplant recipients
The Genomic Signature of Crop-Wild Introgression in Maize
The evolutionary significance of hybridization and subsequent introgression
has long been appreciated, but evaluation of the genome-wide effects of these
phenomena has only recently become possible. Crop-wild study systems represent
ideal opportunities to examine evolution through hybridization. For example,
maize and the conspecific wild teosinte Zea mays ssp. mexicana, (hereafter,
mexicana) are known to hybridize in the fields of highland Mexico. Despite
widespread evidence of gene flow, maize and mexicana maintain distinct
morphologies and have done so in sympatry for thousands of years. Neither the
genomic extent nor the evolutionary importance of introgression between these
taxa is understood. In this study we assessed patterns of genome-wide
introgression based on 39,029 single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in 189
individuals from nine sympatric maize-mexicana populations and reference
allopatric populations. While portions of the maize and mexicana genomes were
particularly resistant to introgression (notably near known
cross-incompatibility and domestication loci), we detected widespread evidence
for introgression in both directions of gene flow. Through further
characterization of these regions and preliminary growth chamber experiments,
we found evidence suggestive of the incorporation of adaptive mexicana alleles
into maize during its expansion to the highlands of central Mexico. In
contrast, very little evidence was found for adaptive introgression from maize
to mexicana. The methods we have applied here can be replicated widely, and
such analyses have the potential to greatly informing our understanding of
evolution through introgressive hybridization. Crop species, due to their
exceptional genomic resources and frequent histories of spread into sympatry
with relatives, should be particularly influential in these studies
Anarchy in the UK: Detailed genetic analysis of worker reproduction in a naturally occurring British anarchistic honeybee, Apis mellifera, colony using DNA microsatellites
Anarchistic behaviour is a very rare phenotype of honeybee colonies. In an anarchistic colony,
many workersâ sons are reared in the presence of the queen. Anarchy has previously
been described in only two Australian colonies. Here we report on a first detailed genetic
analysis of a British anarchistic colony. Male pupae were present in great abundance above
the queen excluder, which was clearly indicative of extensive worker reproduction and is the
hallmark of anarchy. Seventeen microsatellite loci were used to analyse these male pupae,
allowing us to address whether all the males were indeed workersâ sons, and how many
worker patrilines and individual workers produced them. In the sample, 95 of 96 of the
males were definitely workersâ sons. Given that
â
1% of workersâ sons were genetically
indistinguishable from queenâs sons, this suggests that workers do not move any
queen-laid eggs between the part of the colony where the queen is present to the area above
the queen excluder which the queen cannot enter. The colony had 16 patrilines, with an
effective number of patrilines of 9.85. The 75 males that could be assigned with certainty to
a patriline came from 7 patrilines, with an effective number of 4.21. They were the offspring of at least 19 workers. This is in contrast to the two previously studied Australian naturally occurring anarchist colonies, in which most of the workersâ sons were offspring of one patriline. The high number of patrilines producing males leads to a low mean relatedness between laying workers and males of the colony. We discuss the importance of studying such colonies in the understanding of worker policing and its evolution
Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to Higgs boson production in association with a photon via weak-boson fusion at the LHC
Higgs boson production in association with a hard central photon and two
forward tagging jets is expected to provide valuable information on Higgs boson
couplings in a range where it is difficult to disentangle weak-boson fusion
processes from large QCD backgrounds. We present next-to-leading order QCD
corrections to Higgs production in association with a photon via weak-boson
fusion at a hadron collider in the form of a flexible parton-level Monte Carlo
program. The QCD corrections to integrated cross sections are found to be small
for experimentally relevant selection cuts, while the shape of kinematic
distributions can be distorted by up to 20% in some regions of phase space.
Residual scale uncertainties at next-to-leading order are at the few-percent
level.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl
Hybridization in parasites: consequences for adaptive evolution, pathogenesis and public health in a changing world
[No abstract available
Organometallic neptunium(III) complexes
Studies of transuranic organometallic complexes provide a particularly valuable insight into covalent contributions to the metalâligand bonding, in which the subtle differences between the transuranium actinide ions and their lighter lanthanide counterparts are of fundamental importance for the effective remediation of nuclear waste. Unlike the organometallic chemistry of uranium, which has focused strongly on UIII and has seen some spectacular advances, that of the transuranics is significantly technically more challenging and has remained dormant. In the case of neptunium, it is limited mainly to NpIV. Here we report the synthesis of three new NpIII organometallic compounds and the characterization of their molecular and electronic structures. These studies suggest that NpIII complexes could act as single-molecule magnets, and that the lower oxidation state of NpII is chemically accessible. In comparison with lanthanide analogues, significant d- and f-electron contributions to key NpIII orbitals are observed, which shows that fundamental neptunium organometallic chemistry can provide new insights into the behaviour of f-elements
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